Lia capitolina was a roman colony, built under the emperor hadrian on the site of jerusalem, which was in ruins since the siege of 70 ad, leading in part to the bar kokhba revolt of 26 ad. However, from the second half of the 19th century, the investigation of jerusalem was accompanied by comprehensive publications, including the documentation of ancient structures and buildings that were discovered during construction and their discussion in light of. Chapter 15 aelia capitolina klaus bieberstein modern historians tend to. World heritage encyclopedia, the aggregation of the largest online encyclopedias available, and the most definitive collection ever assembled. To this day, a general summary of the history and archaeology of aelia capitolina has yet to be written. Coinage of aelia capitolina ancient numismatic mythology. Aelia capitolina was a roman colony built on the ruins of jerusalem. Aelia capitolina jerusalem in the roman period in light of archaeological research. The name aelia capitolina was in honor of hadrians gens or clan name aelia, and of the pagan god jupiter capitolinus. The name was given, after the second jewish revolt 25, in honour of the emperor hadrian whose nomen, or clan name, was aelius as well as the deities of the capitoline triad jupiter, juno, and minerva. Exploring aelia capitolina, hadrians jerusalem november 11, 2014 with thousands of archaeological sites, jerusalem is one of the most excavated cities on the planet and to walk its streets is to walk through thousand years of history. The paving of hadrians forum, thought to have been the.
Handout for lecture on ancient judaism rlst 152 introduction to new testament history and literature dale b. Of these three reasons, the rebuilding of the temple in jerusalem is the least likely. A short section of pavement of the eastern cardo, aelia capitolina 15496907788. The book discusses the history and the archaeology of jerusalem in the roman period 70400 ce following a chronological order, from the establishment of the tenth roman legions camp on the ruins of jerusalem in 70 ce, through the foundation of aelia capitolina by hadrian, in around ce, and the christianization of the population and the cityscape in the fourth century. Roman emperor hadrian builds pagan shrine on temple mount, sparks bar kochba revolt duration. Aelia capitolina roman jerusalem and the military camp of.
Colonia aelia capitolina was a roman colony, built under the emperor hadrian on the site of jerusalem, which was in ruins following the siege of 70 ad, leading in part to the bar kokhba revolt of 26 ad. Aelia capitolina traditional english pronunciation. The coinage of aelia capitolina israel museum catalogue. Jan 01, 2016 roman emperor hadrian builds pagan shrine on temple mount, sparks bar kochba revolt duration. Seleucus, antiochus, the seleucids ptolemy and the ptolemies antigonus gonatas antiochus iv epiphanes reigned 175164 bce jason menelaus. The excavations, done on behalf of the israel antiquities authority and financed by the western wall heritage foundation, helped to provide a precise date for the construction of aelia capitolina. Hadrians intention to refound the city of jerusalem as a roman colony called aelia capitolina. Media in category aelia capitolina the following 66 files are in this category, out of 66 total. Literary sources, rebel coinage, and surviving papyrus documents. Israelite conquest of canaan, however jerusalem remains jebusite city.
Pronunciation of aelia capitolina with 1 audio pronunciation, 1 meaning, 2 translations and more for aelia capitolina. Martin daniel, written around 164 bce, but fictionally placed in sixth century bce. The roman gate of aelia capitolina has been restored and opened to the public. The paving of hadrians forum, thought to have been the lithostrotos of johns gospel, aelia capitolina 15660170616. Survey and excavations at solomons pools, palestine. Aelia capitolina was the title that the romans see ancient empires rome gave to the quasicity that they established on the site of jerusalem after its destruction by roman legions under titus in 70 a. Pdf aelia capitolina 2007 klaus bieberstein academia. Aelia capitolina was the only city in the roman empire created and settled by the army. In this paper we discuss inscriptions which support cassius dios claim that hadrian founded the colonia aelia capitolina on the occasion of his visit to jerusalem in ce. The construction work that triggered the bar kokhba revolt.
Prior to the great revolt 6670 ce, jerusalem was a large, thriving jewish city in the eastern part of. Why did the romans rename jersusalem aelia capitolina in. Colonia aelia capitolina was a city built by the emperor hadrian, and occupied by a roman colony, on the site of jerusalem, which was in ruins since 70 ad, leading in part to the bar kokhba revolt of 26. Aelia capitolina, city founded in ad 5 by the romans on the ruins of jerusalem, which their forces, under titus, had destroyed in ad 70. Aelia capitolina was a roman colony, built under emperor hadrian on the site of jewish. Scholars believe it is at about this time when the area is first settled.
Judaism expelled in the aftermath of romes war against the jews in 70 a. The bar kokhba war reconsidered princeton university. Pdf the religious and cultural world of aelia capitolina a new. The cardo archived december 17, 2008, at the wayback machine hebrew university.
Lastly, according to a rabbinic source the war came about following the promise of hadrian to the jews to rebuild the jewish temple, which he later rebuked. The inscription the colony of aelia capitolina has been founded appeared on coins together with a portrayal of the emperor plowing a furrow along the walls, the symbol of the establishment of a new roman city. Aelia capitolina was a roman colony, built under the emperor hadrian on the site of jerusalem, which was in ruins since siege of 70 ad, leading in part to the bar kokhba revolt of 26. Imp c m avr antoninvs, laureate, cuirassed bust right. The contradiction of the few sources we have creates a historical problem which has puzzled many historians. Inside the entryway was a large open plaza, and in the center of the plaza was a tall, decorative column. Elia capitolina ou colonia elia capitolina em latim. While jerusalem may have been without jews for a time, many other urban areas maintained a strong jewish population. In the northern part of the city, hadrian built a magnificent arched entryway into aelia capitolina, flanked on either side by a large tower. Between 25 hadrian crushed bar kokhbas revolt, reestablished jerusalem as the roman pagan polis aelia capitolina, and forbade a jewish presence in the city. Cai lun invents paper trajan adopts antichristian religious policy kanishkas reign brings flowering of the arts dedication of aelia capitolina zhang doaling founds the celestial masters movement asvaghosa composes complete biography of the buddha galen synthesizes ancient medical knowledge gaius creates.
The truth is that neither side can be fully proved due to the lack of primary sources, and more importantly the specific cause is arbitrary to the bigger picture. The princeton encyclopedia of classical sites, aelia. Roman aqueducts introduction an archaeological assessment of the lower pool of solomons pools south of bethlehem, palestine, was carried out intermittently by the authors between december 2017 and december 2018. This preliminary assessment was conducted as part of a larger project. Aelia is good for parents who want a name that is luminous and unique. The history of jerusalem through 1914 john watts early jerusalem 3500 bc. On top of the column probably stood a largerthanlife statue of the emperor hadrian himself. Roman jerusalem aelia capitolina coins issued by hadrian confirm that colonia aelia capitolina was founded about the year 2 ad, before, not after, the second war of the jews. On the reverse a boar walks to the right with col above and ael below. Aelia capitolina keresztyen bibliai lexikon kezikonyvtar. Aelia capitolina as a roman colony, military camp, a part of a system.
Facade of distyle temple of jupiter capitolinus zeus seated in center, flanked by minerva and juno colonia aelia kapitolina the colony of aelia capitolina ref. Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right quadriga facing, bearing the sacred conical stone of elagabal. Powerpoint presentation the history of jerusalem through. Capitolina is a family of 10 typefaces with a contemporary design style, based on different historical models. It would also be insulting to the jews for whom pigs were unclean leviticus 11. Aelia is unique yet compelling due to its fearless and delightful nature. The foundation was an act of imperial indulgentia towards his soldiers, or more precisely his legionary veterans and their families. Capitolina refers to capitoline jupiter, who replaced the god of israel as the citys patron deity. Imp c m avr antoninvs, laureate, cuirassed bust right col ael cap comm.
The best evidence for aelia capitolina is the street plan of the present old city, the antiquity of which is shown by the madaba mosaic of the 6th c. Recovering roman jerusalemthe entryway beneath damascus gate. The coinage of aelia capitolina israel museum catalogue meshorer, yaakov on. Documents from the bar kokhba period in the cave of let ters, vol. Following the second jewish revolt ce 25, led by simon barkochba, the roman emperor hadrian emperor 1178 designated the site of jerusalem a roman polis called aelia capitolina and banished jews from the city. Aelia capitolina jerusalem in the roman period in light of. The name was given, after the second jewish revolt 25, in honour of the emperor hadrian whose nomen, or clan name, was aelius as well as the deities. Bar, aelia capitolina and the location of the camp of the tenth legion, palestine exploration quarterly, 1998. In 2 ce, hadrian renamed jerusalem aelia capitolina and judea as philistia. Imperatori caesari traiano hadrianvs for imperator caesar trajanus hadrianus rev.
Powerpoint presentation the history of jerusalem through 1914. Exploring aelia capitolina, hadrians jerusalem november 5, 2014 march 14, 2019 followinghadrian with thousands of archaeological sites, jerusalem is one of the most excavated cities on the planet and to walk its streets is to walk through a thousand years of history. Aelia capitolina biblical studies oxford bibliographies. The boar, a wild fighting animal, was a symbol of the tenth roman legion which was based in aelia capitolina. It in the parthian war, who in 117 served as governor of documents the fifth. Handout for lecture on ancient judaism open yale courses. With our optimal minimum youre in the best of hands in over 40 countries. Wexlerbedolahs conclusion is that the construction work on the new city began at least several years before the outbreak of the revolt. Aelia capitolina jerusalem in the roman period in light. In its stead stood the romanohellenic city of aelia capitolina, a minor town of the province of syria palestina. These documents illustrate that in judaea, not every one supported the.
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